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Performance design of a cryogenic air separation unit for variable working conditions using the lumped

Jinghua XU, Tiantian WANG, Qianyong CHEN, Shuyou ZHANG, Jianrong TAN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第1期页码 24-42 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0558-6

摘要： Large-scale cryogenic air separation units (ASUs), which are widely used in global petrochemical and semiconductor industries, are being developed with high operating elasticity under variable working conditions. Different from discrete processes in traditional machinery manufacturing, the ASU process is continuous and involves the compression, adsorption, cooling, condensation, liquefaction, evaporation, and distillation of multiple streams. This feature indicates that thousands of technical parameters in adsorption, heat transfer, and distillation processes are correlated and merged into a large-scale complex system. A lumped parameter model (LPM) of ASU is proposed by lumping the main factors together and simplifying the secondary ones to achieve accurate and fast performance design. On the basis of material and energy conservation laws, the piecewise-lumped parameters are extracted under variable working conditions by using LPM. Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy interval detection is recursively utilized to determine whether the critical point is detected or not by using different thresholds. Compared with the traditional method, LPM is particularly suitable for “rough first then precise” modeling by expanding the feasible domain using fuzzy intervals. With LPM, the performance of the air compressor, molecular sieve adsorber, turbo expander, main plate-fin heat exchangers, and packing column of a 100000 Nm O /h large-scale ASU is enhanced to adapt to variable working conditions. The designed value of net power consumption per unit of oxygen production (kW/(Nm O )) is reduced by 6.45%.

关键词： performance design air separation unit (ASU) lumped parameter model (LPM) variable working conditions T–S fuzzy interval detection

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Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses for integration of aromatics separation with aromatics upgrading

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 183-193 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2192-9

摘要： Methanol to aromatics produces multiple products, resulting in a limited selectivity of xylene. Aromatics upgrading is an effective way to produce more valuable xylene product, and different feed ratios generate discrepant product distributions. This work integrates the aromatics separation with toluene disproportionation, transalkylation of toluene and trimethylbenzene, and isomerization of xylene and trimethylbenzene. Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses are conducted to give insights in the splitting ratios of benzene, toluene and heavy aromatics for aromatics upgrading. First, a detailed simulation model is developed in Aspen HYSYS. Then, 300 splitting ratio sets of benzene and toluene for conversion are studied to investigate the process performances. The results indicate that there are different preferences for the splitting ratios of benzene and toluene in terms of exergy and exergoeconomic performances. The process generates lower total exergy destruction when the splitting ratio of toluene varies between 0.07 and 0.18, and that of benzene fluctuates between 0.55 and 0.6. Nevertheless, the process presents lower total product unit cost with the splitting ratio of toluene less than 0.18 and that of benzene fluctuating between 0.44 and 0.89. Besides, it is found that distillation is the biggest contributor to the total exergy destruction, accounting for 94.97%.

关键词： aromatics separation and upgrading variant splitting ratios total exergy destruction total product unit cost

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Stormwater treatment: examples of computational fluid dynamics modeling

Gaoxiang YING, John SANSALONE, Srikanth PATHAPATI, Giuseppina GAROFALO, Marco MAGLIONICO, Andrea BOLOGNESI, Alessandro ARTINA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 638-648 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0442-7

摘要： Control of rainfall-runoff particulate matter (PM) and PM-bound chemical loads is challenging; in part due to the wide gradation of PM complex geometries of many unit operations and variable flow rates. Such challenges and the expense associated with resolving such challenges have led to the relatively common examination of a spectrum of unit operations and processes. This study applies the principles of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict the particle and pollutant clarification behavior of these systems subject to dilute multiphase flows, typical of rainfall-runoff, within computationally reasonable limits, to a scientifically acceptable degree of accuracy. The Navier-Stokes (NS) system of nonlinear partial differential equations for multi-phase hydrodynamics and separation of entrained particles are solved numerically over the unit operation control volume with the boundary and initial conditions defined and then solved numerically until the desired convergence criteria are met. Flow rates examined are scaled based on sizing of common unit operations such as hydrodynamic separators (HS), wet basins, or filters, and are examined from 1 to 100 percent of the system maximum hydraulic operating flow rate. A standard turbulence model is used to resolve flow, and a discrete phase model (DPM) is utilized to examine the particle clarification response. CFD results closely follow physical model results across the entire range of flow rates. Post-processing the CFD predictions provides an in-depth insight into the mechanistic behavior of unit operations by means of three dimensional (3-D) hydraulic profiles and particle trajectories. Results demonstrate the role of scour in the rapid degradation of unit operations that are not maintained. Comparisons are provided between measured and CFD modeled results and a mass balance error is identified. CFD is arguably the most powerful tool available for our profession since continuous simulation modeling.

关键词： stormwater unit operations and processes (UOPs) hydrodynamic separation filtration adsorption computational fluid dynamics (CFD) turbulence modeling discrete phase model particle separation detention/retention basins clarification

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Evaluation of the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on air quality in southern China from long-term

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1460-0

摘要：

•Strong ENSO influence on AOD is found in southern China region.

关键词： El Niño–Southern Oscillation Aerosol concentration Aerosol particle size Contribution separation Decadal trend Southern China

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Experimental investigation on oil-gas separator of air-conditioning systems

Dianbo XIN,Shuliang HUANG,Song YIN,Yuping DENG,Wenqiang ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 411-416 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0447-9

摘要： The oil-return system plays an important role in the variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems because it ensures the reliable operation of the VRF systems. The oil-gas separator is the most essential component of the oil-return system, and the separation efficiency of the separator directly influences the performance of the VRF systems. Therefore, in this paper, a test rig was built to measure the oil discharge ratio of the compressor and the separation efficiency of the oil-gas separator. A sound velocity transducer was used to measure the oil mass concentration instantaneously, because the sound velocity was changed with the mass ratio of oil to refrigerant. The separation efficiency of the separator could be obtained by comparing the mass fraction of oil to refrigerant before and after the separator was connected to the system.

关键词： variable refrigerant flow system oil-gas separator separation efficiency

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锌空燃料电池电站

朱梅,徐献芝,苏润

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第12期页码 62-64

摘要：

燃料电池发电技术已经受到人们越来越多的重视。介绍了利用锌空气燃料电池技术建设电站，利用分体式电极技术制造世界上最大的单电池，该电站采用独特的分离循环技术，可以提高电站总体效率。给出建设电站的相关参数。

关键词：燃料电池锌空气燃料电池分体式电极单电池分离循环技术

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A solution to stochastic unit commitment problem for a wind-thermal system coordination

B. SARAVANAN,Shreya MISHRA,Debrupa NAG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 192-200 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0306-x

摘要： Unit commitment (UC) problem is one of the most important decision making problems in power system. In this paper the UC problem is solved by considering it as a real time problem by adding stochasticity in the generation side because of wind-thermal co-ordination system as well as stochasticity in the load side by incorporating the randomness of the load. The most important issue that needs to be addressed is the achievement of an economic unit commitment solution after solving UC as a real time problem. This paper proposes a hybrid approach to solve the stochastic unit commitment problem considering the volatile nature of wind and formulating the UC problem as a chance constrained problem in which the load is met with high probability over the entire time period.

关键词： unit commitment (UC) randomness wind generation univariate chance constrained

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Solving unit commitment problem using a novel version of harmony search algorithm

Roozbeh MORSALI,Tohid JAFARI,Amirhossein GHODS,Mohammad KARIMI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 297-304 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0309-7

摘要： In this context, a novel structure was proposed for improving harmony search (HS) algorithm to solve the unit comment (UC) problem. The HS algorithm obtained optimal solution for defined objective function by improvising, updating and checking operators. In the proposed improved self-adaptive HS (SGHS) algorithm, two important control parameters were adjusted to reach better solution from the simple HS algorithm. The objective function of this study consisted of operation, start-up and shut-down costs. To confirm the effectiveness, the SGHS algorithm was tested on systems with 10, 20, 40 and 60 generating units, and the obtained results were compared with those of the simple HS algorithm and other related works.

关键词： generation scheduling harmony search (HS) algorithm intelligent technique unit commitment

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A solution to the unit commitment problem—a review

B. SARAVANAN, Siddharth DAS, Surbhi SIKRI, D. P. KOTHARI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 223-236 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0240-3

摘要： Unit commitment (UC) is an optimization problem used to determine the operation schedule of the generating units at every hour interval with varying loads under different constraints and environments. Many algorithms have been invented in the past five decades for optimization of the UC problem, but still researchers are working in this field to find new hybrid algorithms to make the problem more realistic. The importance of UC is increasing with the constantly varying demands. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the power sector to keep track of the latest methodologies to further optimize the working criterions of the generating units. This paper focuses on providing a clear review of the latest techniques employed in optimizing UC problems for both stochastic and deterministic loads, which has been acquired from many peer reviewed published papers. It has been divided into many sections which include various constraints based on profit, security, emission and time. It emphasizes not only on deregulated and regulated environments but also on renewable energy and distributed generating systems. In terms of contributions, the detailed analysis of all the UC algorithms has been discussed for the benefit of new researchers interested in working in this field.

关键词： unit commitment (UC) optimization deterministic load stochastic load evolutionary programming (EP) hybrid

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Energy saving design of the machining unit of hobbing machine tool with integrated optimization

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0694-2

摘要： The machining unit of hobbing machine tool accounts for a large portion of the energy consumption during the operating phase. The optimization design is a practical means of energy saving and can reduce energy consumption essentially. However, this issue has rarely been discussed in depth in previous research. A comprehensive function of energy consumption of the machining unit is built to address this problem. Surrogate models are established by using effective fitting methods. An integrated optimization model for reducing tool displacement and energy consumption is developed on the basis of the energy consumption function and surrogate models, and the parameters of the motor and structure are considered simultaneously. Results show that the energy consumption and tool displacement of the machining unit are reduced, indicating that energy saving is achieved and the machining accuracy is guaranteed. The influence of optimization variables on the objectives is analyzed to inform the design.

关键词： energy saving design energy consumption machining unit integrated optimization machine tool

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瑞德西韦核碱基单元的连续流合成 Article

郭永兴, 刘敏杰, 姜梅芬, 陶媛, 程荡, 陈芬儿

《工程（英文）》 2023年第21卷第2期页码 92-100 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.07.029

摘要：

本研究通过五步连续流合成了抗病毒药物瑞德西韦的核碱基单元7-溴吡咯[2,1-f][1‒2,4]三嗪-4-胺。采用间歇式合成化学方法，利用广泛可用且廉价的起始原料吡咯，通过顺序流动操作成功生产了7-溴吡咯[2,1-f][1‒2,4]三嗪-4-胺。在最佳流动条件下，7-溴吡咯[2,1-f][1‒2,4]三嗪-4-胺的分离收率为14.1%，总停留时间为79 min，通量为2.96 g∙h⁻¹,总停留时间明显短于批处理程序中消耗的总时间（大于26.5 h）。在流动中，有利地促进了涉及危险和不稳定的中间体的高度放热的Vilsmeier-Haack 和N-胺化反应、氧化液-液双相转化及需要严格低温条件的溴化反应。这种合成方法的显著特点是，通过部署专用设备和分离单元，将后处理程序完全集成到反应序列中，从而形成一个精简的连续流系统，最大限度地提高整个过程的效率。该方法是一种更环保、更可持续的高效、安全地制备核碱基单元的方法。

关键词：流动化学连续多步合成微反应技术反应分离集成

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Phase separation in cGAS-STING signaling

《医学前沿（英文）》页码 855-866 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1026-6

摘要： Biomolecular condensates formed by phase separation are widespread and play critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes. cGAS-STING signaling functions to detect aberrant DNA signals to initiate anti-infection defense and antitumor immunity. At the same time, cGAS-STING signaling must be carefully regulated to maintain immune homeostasis. Interestingly, exciting recent studies have reported that biomolecular phase separation exists and plays important roles in different steps of cGAS-STING signaling, including cGAS condensates, STING condensates, and IRF3 condensates. In addition, several intracellular and extracellular factors have been proposed to modulate the condensates in cGAS-STING signaling. These studies reveal novel activation and regulation mechanisms of cGAS-STING signaling and provide new opportunities for drug discovery. Here, we summarize recent advances in the phase separation of cGAS-STING signaling and the development of potential drugs targeting these innate immune condensates.

关键词： biomolecular condensates phase separation cGAS-STING pathway cGAS STING cGAMP interferon

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Low crosstalk switch unit for dense piezoelectric sensor networks

Lei QIU, Shenfang YUAN,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第4期页码 401-406 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0047-4

摘要： Structural health monitoring (SHM), on the basis of piezoelectric (PZT) sensors and lamb wave method, is efficient in estimating the state of monitored structures. Furthermore, to monitor large-scale structures, dense piezoelectric sensor networks are required, which usually contain many piezoelectric sensor pairs called actuator-sensor channels. In that case, considering the few data acquisition channels especially in the data acquisition board with a high sampling rate and limited quantity of signal amplifiers used in an integrated computer system, a switch unit is adopted to switch to different channels. Because of the high frequency and power of the lamb wave excitation signal, there exists a crosstalk signal in the switch unit. A large crosstalk signal is mixed into the response signal so that the on/off-line signal processing task is difficult to achieve. This paper first analyzes the crosstalk signal phenomenon, describes its production mechanism, and proposes a method to reduce it. Then a 24-switch channel low crosstalk switch unit based on a digital I/O board PCI7248 produced by Adlink technology is developed. An experiment is implemented to validate it. Its low crosstalk characteristics make it promote the real application of the SHM based active lamb wave method. Finally, a general software program based on LabVIEW software platform is developed to control this switch unit.

关键词： structural health monitoring (SHM) piezoelectric (PZT) sensor networks switch unit crosstalk signal

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Ensemble unit and AI techniques for prediction of rock strain

Pradeep T; Pijush SAMUI; Navid KARDANI; Panagiotis G ASTERIS

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第7期页码 858-870 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0831-3

摘要： The behavior of rock masses is influenced by a variety of forces, with measurement of stress and strain playing the most critical roles in assessing deformation. The laboratory test for determining strain at each location within rock samples is expensive and difficult but rock strain data are important for predicting failure of rock material. Many researchers employ AI technology in order to solve these difficulties. AI algorithms such as gradient boosting machine (GBM), support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF), and group method of data handling (GMDH) are used to efficiently estimate the strain at every point within a rock sample. Additionally, the ensemble unit (EnU) may be utilized to evaluate rock strain. In this study, 3000 experimental data are used for the purpose of prediction. The obtained strain values are then evaluated using various statistical parameters and compared to each other using EnU. Ranking analysis, stress-strain curve, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, actual vs. predicted curve, error matrix and the Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) values are used for comparing models. The GBM model achieved 98.16% and 99.98% prediction accuracy (in terms of values of R²) in the longitudinal and lateral dimensions, respectively, during the testing phase. The GBM model, based on the experimental data, has the potential to be a new option for engineers to use when assessing rock strain.

关键词： prediction strain ensemble unit rank analysis error matrix

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先进超超临界空冷汽轮发电机组高位布置技术及工程应用

王树民,张翼,徐陆,李延兵,顾永正,卓华,孙锐,张满平,姜士宏, 刘建海,李红星

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第2期页码 147-159 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.02.012

摘要：

提高燃煤发电机组效率是实现节能降碳的直接手段，700 ℃超超临界发电的工程应用受制于高温合金材料价格成本阻碍，有必要探索新布置、新结构、缩短高温蒸汽管道以降低工程造价。本文以锦界电厂三期为例，介绍了超超临界空冷汽轮发电机组高位布置技术取得的工程化创新实践。该工程实践表明，锦界电厂三期作为世界首例高位布置示范工程，主厂房采用钢筋混凝土框架‒剪力墙结构，可有效降低整体重心、提高抗震性能，通过技术攻关有效保障主厂房结构、高温蒸汽管道和汽轮发电机组的安全性；与常规布置（运转层12.6~17 m标高）相比，高位布置（运转层65 m标高）主蒸汽、再热蒸汽管道分别可节省材料约34.2%、20.9%，空冷岛排汽管道可节省的材料达93%，还可以较设计值节省供电煤耗4.5~5.1 g/(kW·h)，整体技术经济性显著提高；此外，项目投产后的运行监测数据显示，主厂房结构实时在线监测系统各参数均在安全阈值范围内，厂房结构、关键设备均处于安全状态。研究建议，加快发展清洁高效燃煤发电技术，统筹协调我国富煤缺水“三北”地区清洁高效先进空冷煤电机组应用高位布置技术，为未来700 ℃超超临界煤电机组建设节约高温蒸汽管道提供实践经验。

关键词：超超临界；先进煤电；空冷汽轮发电机组；高位布置技术；主厂房结构安全；经济性；实时在线监测

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标题作者时间类型操作

Performance design of a cryogenic air separation unit for variable working conditions using the lumped

Jinghua XU, Tiantian WANG, Qianyong CHEN, Shuyou ZHANG, Jianrong TAN

期刊论文

Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses for integration of aromatics separation with aromatics upgrading

期刊论文

Stormwater treatment: examples of computational fluid dynamics modeling

Gaoxiang YING, John SANSALONE, Srikanth PATHAPATI, Giuseppina GAROFALO, Marco MAGLIONICO, Andrea BOLOGNESI, Alessandro ARTINA

期刊论文

Evaluation of the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on air quality in southern China from long-term